What was followed by a rise of dictatorships in europe

World Spread of Various Types of Dictatorship More than half of the world's peoples are ruled today by dictatorships of one type or another—Fascist, Nazi, Communist, or military.

All Rights Reserved. The Spread of Dictatorship. Report Outline Recent Broadening of the Fascist Front Advance of Democracy in Last Century Rise of Dictatorships Since World War Fascist Tendencies in Latin America Recent Broadening of the Fascist Front Establishment of a semi-Fascist dictatorship in Brazil on November 10, , and introduction of a regime of pronounced Fascist characteristics in Rumania at the end of the year emphasized anew the continuing spread of authoritarian government and the corresponding decline of democratic institutions.

World WarII Catalysts. Coalition Government and National Unity. Present and Proposed Neutrality Legislation. Demands of the European Dictators. American Neutrality Policy and the Balance of Power. It supports criminalization of strikes by employees and lockouts by employers as illegal acts.

Falangism supports the state to have jurisdiction of setting wages. The Franco-era Falange supported the development of cooperatives such as the Mondragon Corporation, because it bolstered the Francoist claim of the nonexistence of social classes in Spain during his rule.

The conditions of economic hardship caused by the Great Depression brought about significant social unrest around the world, leading to a major surge of fascism and in many cases, the collapse of democratic governments.

Formulate an explanation for the decreasing number of democratic governments in Europe during this period. One early admirer of the Italian Fascists was Adolf Hitler, who, less than a month after the March, had begun to model himself and the Nazi Party upon Mussolini and the Fascists.

The Beer Hall Putsch was crushed by Bavarian police, and Hitler and other leading Nazis were arrested and detained until Amid a political crisis in Spain involving increased strike activity and rising support for anarchism, Spanish army commander Miguel Primo de Rivera engaged in a successful coup against the Spanish government in and installed himself as a dictator as head of a conservative military junta that dismantled the established party system of government.

Upon achieving power, Primo de Rivera sought to resolve the economic crisis by presenting himself as a compromise arbitrator figure between workers and bosses, and his regime created a corporatist economic system based on the Italian Fascist model.

In Lithuania in , Antanas Smetona rose to power and founded a fascist regime under his Lithuanian Nationalist Union. About two thousand men marched to the center of Munich where they confronted the police, resulting in the death of 16 Nazis and four policemen. The events of the Great Depression resulted in an international surge of fascism and the creation of several fascist regimes and regimes that adopted fascist policies.

With the rise of Hitler and the Nazis to power in , liberal democracy was dissolved in Germany, and the Nazis mobilized the country for war, with expansionist territorial aims against several countries. In the s the Nazis implemented racial laws that deliberately discriminated against, disenfranchised, and persecuted Jews and other racial and minority groups. Fascist movements grew stronger elsewhere in Europe.

The fascist Iron Guard movement in Romania soared in political support after , gaining representation in the Romanian government, and an Iron Guard member assassinated Romanian prime minister Ion Duca. During the February 6, crisis, France faced the greatest domestic political turmoil since the Dreyfus Affair when the fascist Francist Movement and multiple far-right movements rioted en masse in Paris against the French government resulting in major political violence.

A variety of para-fascist governments that borrowed elements from fascism were formed during the Great Depression, including those of Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Yugoslavia. The Al-Muthanna Club of Iraq was a pan-Arab movement that supported Nazism and exercised its influence in the Iraqi government through cabinet minister Saib Shawkat, who formed a paramilitary youth movement.

Several, mostly short-lived fascist governments and prominent fascist movements were formed in South America during this period. He even started a paramilitary Blackshirts arm as a copy of the Italian group, although the Union lost heavily in the elections and faded into obscurity. Fascism in its Epoch is a book by historian and philosopher Ernst Nolte, widely regarded as his magnum opus and a seminal work on the history of fascism. The book, translated into English in as The Three Faces of Fascism , argues that fascism arose as a form of resistance to and a reaction against modernity.

Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. The Interwar Period. Search for:. The Rise of Fascism. Mussolini and Fascist Italy After aligning itself with Italian conservatives, the fascist party rose to prominence using violence and intimidation, eventually seizing power in Rome in under the leadership of Benito Mussolini.

Learning Objectives Evaluate why Mussolini was able to seize power in Italy. For the next several years, the small group of fascists took part in political actions, taking advantage of worker strikes to incite violence.

Around , the fascists began to align themselves with mainstream conservatives, increasing membership exponentially. Beginning in , Fascist paramilitaries escalated their strategy from attacking socialist offices and homes of socialist leadership figures to violent occupation of cities, eventually setting their sites on Rome.

From to , Fascism steadily became entrenched in power. Opposition deputies were denied access to parliament, censorship was introduced, and a December decree made Mussolini solely responsible to the King.

Fascism Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism that came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe, characterized by one-party totalitarian regimes run by charismatic dictators, glorification of violence, and racist ideology. Learning Objectives Define fascism.

Key Takeaways Key Points Fascism is a far-right authoritarian political ideology that emerged in the early 20th century and rose to prominence after World War I in several nations, notably Italy, Germany, and Japan. Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete and regard the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state, led by a dictator, as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and respond effectively to economic difficulties.

The term originated in Italy and is derived from fascio, meaning a bundle of rods, and is used to symbolize strength through unity: a single rod is easily broken, while the bundle is difficult to break.

The term is typically used to refer to the end of the 19th century. This was widely thought to be a period of degeneration, but at the same time one of hope for a new beginning.

It holds that liberal democracy is obsolete and that the complete mobilization of society under a totalitarian one-party state is necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond effectively to economic difficulties. Social Darwinism : A name given to various ideologies emerging in the second half of the 19th century, trying to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest in human society.

It was largely developed by Herbert Spencer, who compared society to a living organism and argued that just as biological organisms evolve through natural selection, society evolves and increases in complexity through analogous processes. Fascism in Japan During the s, Japan moved into political totalitarianism, ultranationalism, and fascism, culminating in its invasion of China in Learning Objectives Examine how fascism manifested itself in Japan.

Throughout the s, various nationalistic and xenophobic ideologies emerged among right-wing Japanese intellectuals, but it was not until the early s that these ideas gained full traction in the ruling regime. The longest lasting dictatorships in 20th-century Europe were those of the communists, most of which were installed or inspired by Josef Stalin, the iron-fisted ruler of Soviet Russia until His stunningly successful model of paranoid authoritarian rule and a wide-ranging security apparatus provided a template for a slew of imitators across Eastern Europe.

Skip to main content. Enter some words or an event code to find. This program is over. Mussolini inspired others to develop their own versions of fascism. In , Francisco Franco established the Spanish state with some fascist elements. Other fascist or fascist-like regimes rose and fell in Japan, Argentina, South Africa, Greece, and Iraq among other countries. Fascist movements took root even in democracies.

Today, variations of fascism live on in a number of military dictatorships around the world. These groups typically preach ultranationalism and spew hatred of racial or ethnic minorities. While the idea of a unified nation under a fascist state probably died with Mussolini, the extreme racist forms of fascism, empowered by the Internet, are alive and well throughout the world.

Why did Gentile and Mussolini believe that war was an essential part of the fascist state? Layton, Julia. The terms have lost much meaning, other than as insults. Even scholars have difficulty in agreeing on a definition of fascism. But as the article notes, scholars do agree on several common characteristics of fascism. In this activity, you are going to use these characteristics to judge whether particular governments are fascist. Form small groups and review the characteristics of fascism at the beginning of the article.

Each group should discuss and decide each of the hypothetical cases below whether each is an example of a totally, mostly, somewhat, or non fascist state. Case 1: The government of Surs is ruled by one party, whose council of selects the supreme leader.

The people vote in other elections, but only one person is on the ballot for each office, as the party nominates all those running. The supreme leader has complete control of the society.

The government owns all the major businesses and runs them in the name of the people. Religious worship is discouraged: No party member belongs to a religious organization. The prisons are filled with political prisoners. Case 2: The supreme leader of Railkine makes most political decisions and heads the armed forces. The Assembly of Religious Leaders elects him from the clergy and may remove him.

It also approves all candidates running for parliament. The assembly may also veto laws passed by parliament if they go against religious law. The supreme leader has outlawed political parties, closed newspapers, imprisoned dissenters, banned other religions, suppressed minorities, put requirements on how women should dress, and even outlawed dancing.

The supreme leader is building up the military and neighboring countries fear that Railkine will invade and impose its form of government. Case 3: New Sed is a country with a parliament and a strong tradition of political and religious freedom.

In the last 40 years, the Accolade Party has won election after election. This party has built good schools and a strong social safety net for all its people. The safety net includes a government-run health system, a high minimum wage, generous unemployment insurance, retirement pensions for all, and other benefits. It has enacted strict regulations on businesses. The government has a small military.